The Impact of the Work Environment, Workplace Support and Individual-Related Factors on Burnout Experience of Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Keywords:
COVID-19, Cross-sectional, Burnout, Psychological stress, Practice environment, Pandemic, Perceived risk, Nursing, Online surveyAbstract
Introduction: Nurses worldwide are facing hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic.Aims: To examine the impact of work environment, workplace support and individual-related factors on burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital in Singapore that nursed confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients between 12 March and 25 May 2020. An email invitation was sent to all nurses to participate in an online survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between burnout and work environment, workplace support and individual-related factors. Results: 855 nurses responded to the survey. Compared to nurses working in low-risk areas, nurses in high-risk areas had 1.6times higher risk of burnout (95% CI: 1.072 – 2.454; p=0.022). Perceiving lack of teamwork (OR = 1.630, 95% CI: 1.067– 2.492, p=0.024), not feeling appreciated (OR = 14.811, 95% CI: 3.520 – 62.328, p<.001) and poor self-rated health (OR=0.348, 95% CI: 0.264-0.460, p<.001) were associated with burnout. Discussion: Nurses working in high-risk areas, such as wards are designated foracrespiratoryinfectionspatients, are at higher risk of experiencing burnout. Implications for practice: Nurses in high-risk areas wouldbenefit from interventions that build physical health and esprit de corps to prevent burnout.
References
Petrosillo N, Viceconte G, Ergonul O, Ippolito G, Petersen E. “COVID-19, SARS and MERS: Are they closely related? Clinical microbiology and infection”. The official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 26(2020): 729-734.
Biondi M, Iannitelli A. “CoViD-19 and stress in the pandemic: Sanity is not statistical”. Riv Psichiatr 55(2020): 131-136.
Shen X, Zou X, Zhong X, Yan J, Li L. “Psychological stress of ICU nurses in the time of COVID-19.” Critical Care 24(2020): 200.
https://www.ibtimes.sg/this-italian-nurse-who-tested-covid-19- positive-commits-suicide-over-fear-spreading-coronavirus-41739
Elovainio M, Heponiemi T, Jokela M, Hakulinen C, Presseau J, et al. “Stressful work environment and wellbeing: What comes first?” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 20(2015): 289-300.
Tuna R, Baykal Ü. “The relationship between job stress and burnout levels of oncology nurses.” Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 1(2014): 33-39.
Khamisa N, Oldenburg B, Peltzer K, Ilic D. “Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12(2015): 652-666.
Nantsupawat A, Kunaviktikul W, Nantsupawat R, Wichaikhum OA, Thienthong H, et al. “Effects of nurse work environment on job dissatisfaction, burnout, intention to leave.” International Nursing Review 64(2017): 91-98.
He J, Staggs VS, Bergquist-Beringer S, Dunton, N. “Nurse staffing and patient outcomes: A longitudinal study on trend and seasonality.” BMC Nursing 15(2016): 60.
https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/strongnational-push-to-stem-spread-of-covid-19
Kontoangelos K, Economou M, Papageorgiou C. “Mental Health Effects of COVID-19 pandemia: A Review of clinical and psychological traits.” Psychiatry Investigation 17(2020): 491-505.
Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, et al. “Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019.” JAMA Netw Open 3(2020): e203976.
Bohlken J, Schömig F, Lemke MR, Pumberger M, Riedel-Heller SG. “COVID-19 Pandemic: Stress experience of healthcare workers - a short current review.” Psychiatrische Praxis 47(4): 190-197.
Gavin B, Hayden J, Adamis D, McNicholas F. “Caring for the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals in the Covid-19 pandemic crisis.” Irish Medical Journal 113(4): 51.
Copanitsanou P, Fotos N, Brokalaki H. “Effects of work environment on patient and nurse outcomes.” British Journal of Nursing 26(2017): 172-176.
Cañadas-de la Fuente GA, Albendín-García LG, San Luis- Costas C, Ortega-Campos E, de la Fuente-Solana EI. “Nurse burnout in critical care units and emergency departments: intensity and associated factors.” Emergencias 30(2018): 328- 331.
Koh D, Lim MK, Chia SE, Ko SM, Qian F, et al. “Risk perception and impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on work and personal lives of healthcare workers in Singapore: what can we learn?” Medical Care 43(2005): 676- 682.
Schaufeli WB, Bakker AB, Salanova M. “The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 66(2006): 701-716.
DeSalvo KB, Bloser N, Reynolds K, He J, Muntner P. “Mortality prediction with a single general self-rated health question. A meta-analysis.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 21(2006): 267-275.
Shiao JS, Koh D, Lo LH, Lim MK, Guo YL. “Factors predicting nurses’ consideration of leaving their job during the SARS outbreak.” Nursing Ethics 14(2007): 5-17.
Dolan ED, Mohr D, Lempa M, Joos S, Fihn SD, et al. “Using a single item to measure burnout in primary care staff: A psychometric evaluation.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 30(2015): 582-587.
h t t p s : / / w w w. j m p . c o m / e n _ u s / o f f e r s / s t a t i s t i c a l - a n a l y s i s - s o f t w a r e . h t m l ? u t m _ s o u rc e = g o o g l e & u t m _ medium=cpc&utm_campaign=td70114000002KZJq&utm_ term=statistics%20software&utm_content=US-TRIAL/ STAT&gclid=Cj0KCQiA5vb-BRCRARIsAJBKc6Ibaom7nn vZTN9V8jksBAv3t_2yoUQls1BcDzrb-az319d5zaO0764aAj- MEALw_wcB
Xiaoming X, Ming A, Su H, Wo W, Jianmei C, et al. “The psychological status of 8817 hospital workers during COVID-19 Epidemic: A cross-sectional study in Chongqing.” Journal of Affective Disorders 276(2020): 555-561.
Hatch DJ, Freude G, Martus P, Rose U, Müller G, et al. “Age, burnout and physical and psychological work ability among nurses.” Occupational Medicine 68(2018): 246-254.
https://www.strategygroup.gov.sg/media-centre/publications/ population-in-brief
https://www.springer.com/journal/10490/updates/17843616
Peterson U, Bergström G, Demerouti E, Gustavsson P, Asberg M, et al. “Burnout levels and self-rated health prospectively predict future long-term sickness absence: a study among female health professionals.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 53(2011): 788-793.
Lammers-van der Holst HM, Murphy AS, Wise J, Duffy JF. “Sleep tips for shift workers in the time of pandemic.” Southwest Journal of Pulmonary & Critical Care 20(2020): 128-130.
Dall’Ora C, Ball J, Reinius M, Griffiths P. “Burnout in nursing: A theoretical review.” Human resources for health 18(2020): 41-41.
https://jamanetwork .com/channels/health-forum/ fullarticle/2763478 DOI: 10.47755/J Nur Patient Saf.2020.1.003
Xu J, Xu QH, Wang CM, Wang J. “Psychological status of surgical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak.” Psychiatry Research 288(2020): 112955-112955.
Corner B, Lemonde M. “Survey techniques for nursing studies.” Canadian oncology nursing journal 29(2019): 58-60.
