Non-Opioid Analgesia in the Emergency Department for Acute Limb Injury: A Review of Protocol Uptake and Time-to-Analgesia Evidence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22549315Keywords:
Emergency department, Acute pain, Non-opioid analgesia, Opioid-reduction protocol, Extremity injury, Time to analgesiaAbstract
Non-opioid analgesic regimens, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen
combinations, and intravenous ketorolac, have accumulated substantial randomised trial evidence
supporting efficacy for acute extremity pain comparable to opioid monotherapy in many presentations,
alongside a growing implementation literature documenting opioid-prescribing reduction following
protocol adoption. This review synthesises the comparative analgesic-efficacy trial evidence for acute
limb injury pain in the emergency department, the opioid-reduction protocol implementation literature,
and the time-to-analgesia evidence that bears on how quickly, not only with which agent, pain relief is
actually delivered.
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